% standard macros for CWEB listings (in addition to plain.tex) % Version 3.1 --- September 1994 \ifx\documentstyle\undefined\else\endinput\fi % LaTeX will use other macros \xdef\fmtversion{\fmtversion+CWEB3.1} \let\:=\. % preserve a way to get the dot accent % (all other accents will still work as usual) \parskip 0pt % no stretch between paragraphs \parindent 1em % for paragraphs and for the first line of C text \font\ninerm=cmr9 \let\mc=\ninerm % medium caps \def\CEE/{{\mc C\spacefactor1000}} \def\UNIX/{{\mc U\kern-.05emNIX\spacefactor1000}} \def\TEX/{\TeX} \def\CPLUSPLUS/{{\mc C\PP\spacefactor1000}} \def\Cee{\CEE/} % for backward compatibility \def\9#1{} \font\eightrm=cmr8 \let\sc=\eightrm % small caps (NOT a caps-and-small-caps font) \let\mainfont=\tenrm \let\cmntfont\tenrm %\font\tenss=cmss10 \let\cmntfont\tenss % alternative comment font \font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page \font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title \font\tentex=cmtex10 % TeX extended character set (used in strings) \fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no double space after sentences \def\\#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers \def\|#1{\leavevmode\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look better this way \def\{\leavevmode\hbox{\bf \def\_{\kern.04em\vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}% #1\/\kern.05em}} % boldface type for reserved words \def\.#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\tentex % typewriter type for strings \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string \let\ =\SP % space in a string \let\_=\UL % underline in a string \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string \let\^=\CF % circumflex in a string #1\kern.05em}} \def\){\discretionary{\hbox{\tentex\BS}}{}{}} \def\AT{@} % at sign for control text (not needed in versions >= 2.9) \def\ATL{\par\noindent\bgroup\catcode`\_=12 \postATL} % print @l in limbo \def\postATL#1 #2 {\bf letter \\{\uppercase{\char"#1}} tangles as \tentex "#2"\egroup\par} \def\noATL#1 #2 {} \def\noatl{\let\ATL=\noATL} % suppress output from @l \def\ATH{\X\kern-.5em:Preprocessor definitions\X} \let\PB=\relax % hook for program brackets |...| in TeX part or section name \chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string \chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string \chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string \chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string \def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string \chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string \chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string \chardef\CF=`\^ % circumflex character in a string \newbox\PPbox % symbol for ++ \setbox\PPbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevenrm+\kern-1pt+}\kern.5pt} \def\PP{\copy\PPbox} \newbox\MMbox \setbox\MMbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevensy\char0 \kern-1pt\char0}\kern.5pt} \def\MM{\copy\MMbox} \newbox\MGbox % symbol for -> \setbox\MGbox=\hbox{\kern-2pt\lower3pt\hbox{\teni\char'176}\kern1pt} \def\MG{\copy\MGbox} \def\MRL#1{\mathrel{\let\K==#1}} %\def\MRL#1{\KK#1}\def\KK#1#2{\buildrel\;#1\over{#2}} \let\GG=\gg \let\LL=\ll \let\NULL=\Lambda \mathchardef\AND="2026 % bitwise and; also \& (unary operator) \let\OR=\mid % bitwise or \let\XOR=\oplus % bitwise exclusive or \def\CM{{\sim}} % bitwise complement \newbox\MODbox \setbox\MODbox=\hbox{\eightrm\%} \def\MOD{\mathbin{\copy\MODbox}} \def\DC{\kern.1em{::}\kern.1em} % symbol for :: \def\PA{\mathbin{.*}} % symbol for .* \def\MGA{\mathbin{\MG*}} % symbol for ->* \def\this{\&{this}} \newbox\bak \setbox\bak=\hbox to -1em{} % backspace one em \newbox\bakk\setbox\bakk=\hbox to -2em{} % backspace two ems \newcount\ind % current indentation in ems \def\1{\global\advance\ind by1\hangindent\ind em} % indent one more notch \def\2{\global\advance\ind by-1} % indent one less notch \def\3#1{\hfil\penalty#10\hfilneg} % optional break within a statement \def\4{\copy\bak} % backspace one notch \def\5{\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\kern2.5em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces}% optional break \def\6{\ifmmode\else\par % forced break \hangindent\ind em\noindent\kern\ind em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces\fi} \def\7{\Y\6} % forced break and a little extra space \def\8{\hskip-\ind em\hskip 2em} % no indentation \newcount\gdepth % depth of current major group, plus one \newcount\secpagedepth \secpagedepth=3 % page breaks will occur for depths -1, 0, and 1 \newtoks\gtitle % title of current major group \newskip\intersecskip \intersecskip=12pt minus 3pt % space between sections \let\yskip=\smallskip \def\?{\mathrel?} \def\note#1#2.{\Y\noindent{\hangindent2em\baselineskip10pt\eightrm#1~#2.\par}} \def\lapstar{\rlap{*}} \def\stsec{\rightskip=0pt % get out of C mode (cf. \B) \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50 \noindent{\let\*=\lapstar\bf\secstar.\quad}} \let\startsection=\stsec \def\defin#1{\global\advance\ind by 2 \1\&{#1 } } % begin `define' or `format' \def\A{\note{See also section}} % xref for doubly defined section name \def\As{\note{See also sections}} % xref for multiply defined section name \def\B{\rightskip=0pt plus 100pt minus 10pt % go into C mode \sfcode`;=3000 \pretolerance 10000 \hyphenpenalty 1000 % so strings can be broken (discretionary \ is inserted) \exhyphenpenalty 10000 \global\ind=2 \1\ \unskip} \def\C#1{\5\5\quad$/\ast\,${\cmntfont #1}$\,\ast/$} \let\SHC\C % "// short comments" treated like "/* ordinary comments */" %\def\C#1{\5\5\quad$\triangleright\,${\cmntfont#1}$\,\triangleleft$} %\def\SHC#1{\5\5\quad$\diamond\,${\cmntfont#1}} \def\D{\defin{\#define}} % macro definition \let\E=\equiv % equivalence sign \def\ET{ and~} % conjunction between two section numbers \def\ETs{, and~} % conjunction between the last two of several section numbers \def\F{\defin{format}} % format definition \let\G=\ge % greater than or equal sign % \H is long Hungarian umlaut accent \let\I=\ne % unequal sign \def\J{\.{@\&}} % TANGLE's join operation \let\K== % assignment operator %\let\K=\leftarrow % "honest" alternative to standard assignment operator % \L is Polish letter suppressed-L \outer\def\M#1{\MN{#1}\ifon\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg % beginning of section \vskip\intersecskip\startsection\ignorespaces} \outer\def\N#1#2#3.{\gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\MN{#2}% beginning of starred section \ifon\ifnum#1<\secpagedepth \vfil\eject % force page break if depth is small \else\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg\vskip\intersecskip\fi\fi \message{*\secno} % progress report \edef\next{\write\cont{\ZZ{#3}{#1}{\secno}% write to contents file {\noexpand\the\pageno}}}\next % \ZZ{title}{depth}{sec}{page} \ifon\startsection{\bf#3.\quad}\ignorespaces} \def\MN#1{\par % common code for \M, \N {\xdef\secstar{#1}\let\*=\empty\xdef\secno{#1}}% remove \* from section name \ifx\secno\secstar \onmaybe \else\ontrue \fi \mark{{{\tensy x}\secno}{\the\gdepth}{\the\gtitle}}} % each \mark is {section reference or null}{depth plus 1}{group title} % \O is Scandinavian letter O-with-slash % \P is paragraph sign \def\Q{\note{This code is cited in section}} % xref for mention of a section \def\Qs{\note{This code is cited in sections}} % xref for mentions of a section \let\R=\lnot % logical not % \S is section sign \def\T#1{\leavevmode % octal, hex or decimal constant \hbox{$\def\?{\kern.2em}% \def\$##1{\egroup_{\,\rm##1}\bgroup}% suffix to constant \def\_{\cdot 10^{\aftergroup}}% power of ten (via dirty trick) \let\~=\oct \let\^=\hex {#1}$}} \def\U{\note{This code is used in section}} % xref for use of a section \def\Us{\note{This code is used in sections}} % xref for uses of a section \let\V=\lor % logical or \let\W=\land % logical and \def\X#1:#2\X{\ifmmode\gdef\XX{\null$\null}\else\gdef\XX{}\fi % section name \XX$\langle\,${#2\eightrm\kern.5em#1}$\,\rangle$\XX} \def\Y{\par\yskip} \let\Z=\le \let\ZZ=\let % now you can \write the control sequence \ZZ \let\*=* %\def\oct{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}} % WEB style %\def\hex{\hbox{\rm\char"7D\tt\aftergroup}} % WEB style \def\oct{\hbox{$^\circ$\kern-.1em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}}% CWEB style \def\hex{\hbox{$^{\scriptscriptstyle\#}$\tt\aftergroup}} % CWEB style \def\vb#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\kern2pt\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule \hbox{\strut\kern2pt\.{#1}\kern2pt}} \hrule}\vrule\kern2pt}} % verbatim string \def\onmaybe{\let\ifon=\maybe} \let\maybe=\iftrue \newif\ifon \newif\iftitle \newif\ifpagesaved \def\lheader{\mainfont\the\pageno\eightrm\qquad\grouptitle\hfill\title\qquad \mainfont\topsecno} % top line on left-hand pages \def\rheader{\mainfont\topsecno\eightrm\qquad\title\hfill\grouptitle \qquad\mainfont\the\pageno} % top line on right-hand pages \def\grouptitle{\let\i=I\let\j=J\uppercase\expandafter{\expandafter \takethree\topmark}} \def\topsecno{\expandafter\takeone\topmark} \def\takeone#1#2#3{#1} \def\taketwo#1#2#3{#2} \def\takethree#1#2#3{#3} \def\nullsec{\eightrm\kern-2em} % the \kern-2em cancels \qquad in headers \let\page=\pagebody \raggedbottom % \def\page{\box255 }\normalbottom % faster, but loses plain TeX footnotes \def\normaloutput#1#2#3{\ifodd\pageno\hoffset=\pageshift\fi \shipout\vbox{ \vbox to\fullpageheight{ \iftitle\global\titlefalse \else\hbox to\pagewidth{\vbox to10pt{}\ifodd\pageno #3\else#2\fi}\fi \vfill#1}} % parameter #1 is the page itself \global\advance\pageno by1} \gtitle={\.{CWEB} output} % this running head is reset by starred sections \mark{\noexpand\nullsec0{\the\gtitle}} \def\title{\expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\jobname}} \def\topofcontents{\centerline{\titlefont\title}\vskip.7in \vfill} % this material will start the table of contents page \def\botofcontents{\vfill \centerline{\covernote}} % this material will end the table of contents page \def\covernote{} \def\contentspagenumber{0} % default page number for table of contents \newdimen\pagewidth \pagewidth=6.5in % the width of each page \newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=8.7in % the height of each page \newdimen\fullpageheight \fullpageheight=9in % page height including headlines \newdimen\pageshift \pageshift=0in % shift righthand pages wrt lefthand ones \def\magnify#1{\mag=#1\pagewidth=6.5truein\pageheight=8.7truein \fullpageheight=9truein\setpage} \def\setpage{\hsize\pagewidth\vsize\pageheight} % use after changing page size \def\contentsfile{\jobname.toc} % file that gets table of contents info \def\readcontents{\input \contentsfile} \def\readindex{\input \jobname.idx} \def\readsections{\input \jobname.scn} \newwrite\cont \output{\setbox0=\page % the first page is garbage \openout\cont=\contentsfile \write\cont{\catcode `\noexpand\@=11\relax} % \makeatletter \global\output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}} \setpage \vbox to \vsize{} % the first \topmark won't be null \def\ch{\note{The following sections were changed by the change file:} \let\*=\relax} \newbox\sbox % saved box preceding the index \newbox\lbox % lefthand column in the index \def\inx{\par\vskip6pt plus 1fil % we are beginning the index \def\page{\box255 } \normalbottom \write\cont{} % ensure that the contents file isn't empty \write\cont{\catcode `\noexpand\@=12\relax} % \makeatother \closeout\cont % the contents information has been fully gathered \output{\ifpagesaved\normaloutput{\box\sbox}\lheader\rheader\fi \global\setbox\sbox=\page \global\pagesavedtrue} \pagesavedfalse \eject % eject the page-so-far and predecessors \setbox\sbox\vbox{\unvbox\sbox} % take it out of its box \vsize=\pageheight \advance\vsize by -\ht\sbox % the remaining height \hsize=.5\pagewidth \advance\hsize by -10pt % column width for the index (20pt between cols) \parfillskip 0pt plus .6\hsize % try to avoid almost empty lines \def\lr{L} % this tells whether the left or right column is next \output{\if L\lr\global\setbox\lbox=\page \gdef\lr{R} \else\normaloutput{\vbox to\pageheight{\box\sbox\vss \hbox to\pagewidth{\box\lbox\hfil\page}}}\lheader\rheader \global\vsize\pageheight\gdef\lr{L}\global\pagesavedfalse\fi} \message{Index:} \parskip 0pt plus .5pt \outer\def\I##1, {\par\hangindent2em\noindent##1:\kern1em} % index entry \def\[##1]{$\underline{##1}$} % underlined index item \rm \rightskip0pt plus 2.5em \tolerance 10000 \let\*=\lapstar \hyphenpenalty 10000 \parindent0pt \readindex} \def\fin{\par\vfill\eject % this is done when we are ending the index \ifpagesaved\null\vfill\eject\fi % output a null index column \if L\lr\else\null\vfill\eject\fi % finish the current page \parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil \def\grouptitle{NAMES OF THE SECTIONS} \let\topsecno=\nullsec \message{Section names:} \output={\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader} \setpage \def\note##1##2.{\quad{\eightrm##1~##2.}} \def\Q{\note{Cited in section}} % crossref for mention of a section \def\Qs{\note{Cited in sections}} % crossref for mentions of a section \def\U{\note{Used in section}} % crossref for use of a section \def\Us{\note{Used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section \def\I{\par\hangindent 2em}\let\*=* \readsections} \def\con{\par\vfill\eject % finish the section names % \ifodd\pageno\else\titletrue\null\vfill\eject\fi % for duplex printers \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200 \setpage \output={\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader} \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents \pageno=\contentspagenumber \def\grouptitle{TABLE OF CONTENTS} \message{Table of contents:} \topofcontents \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}} \let\ZZ=\contentsline \readcontents\relax % read the contents info \botofcontents \end} % print the contents page(s) and terminate \def\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\ifnum#2=0 \smallbreak\fi \line{\consetup{#2}#1 \rm\leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil\ #3\hbox to3em{\hss#4}}} \def\consetup#1{\ifcase#1 \bf % depth -1 (@**) \or % depth 0 (@*) \or \hskip2em % depth 1 (@*1) \or \hskip4em % depth 2 (@*2) \or \hskip6em % depth 3 (@*3) \or \hskip8em % depth 4 (@*4) \or \hskip10em % depth 5 (@*5) \else \hskip12em \fi} % depth 6 or more \def\noinx{\let\inx=\end} % no indexes or table of contents \def\nosecs{\let\FIN=\fin \def\fin{\let\parfillskip=\end \FIN}} % no index of section names or table of contents \def\nocon{\let\con=\end} % no table of contents \def\today{\ifcase\month\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi \space\number\day, \number\year} \newcount\twodigits \def\hours{\twodigits=\time \divide\twodigits by 60 \printtwodigits \multiply\twodigits by-60 \advance\twodigits by\time :\printtwodigits} \def\gobbleone1{} \def\printtwodigits{\advance\twodigits100 \expandafter\gobbleone\number\twodigits \advance\twodigits-100 } \def\TeX{{\ifmmode\it\fi \leavevmode\hbox{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\hskip-.125em X}}} \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\thinspace\fi} \def\datethis{\def\startsection{\leftline{\sc\today\ at \hours}\bigskip \let\startsection=\stsec\stsec}} % say `\datethis' in limbo, to get your listing timestamped before section 1 \def\datecontentspage{% \def\topofcontents{\leftline{\sc\today\ at \hours}\bigskip \centerline{\titlefont\title}\vfill}} % timestamps the contents page